70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, registered for ten crops, with the greatest variation in application rates among all products:
Crop/Disease | Dosage | Method
Cucurbit powdery mildew | **32-48 g/mu** | Spray
Tomato leaf mold | 36–54 g/mu | Spray
Tobacco black root rot | 50-70 g/mu | Spray
Fusarium head blight of wheat | 71-100 g/mu | Spray
Potato ring rot | 80-100 g/100 kg seed potatoes | Seed potato dressing
Rice blast, sheath blight | 100–142.86 g/mu | Spray
Sweet potato black rot | 1600–2000-fold dilution | Soak seed tubers
Pear scab | 1600–2000-fold dilution | Spray
Apple ring rot | 1000-fold dilution | Spray
The minimum is 32 g/mu, while the maximum is equivalent to approximately 200 g/mu (calculated based on a 2000-fold dilution and 60 kg of water per mu), a difference of more than sixfold.
1. Why Use Only 32 Grams for Cucurbit Powdery Mildew?
The pathogen of powdery mildew (powdery mildew fungi) has a characteristic:The hyphae mainly extend intercellularly between the epidermal cells of the host, and the haustoria penetrate into the epidermal cells to feed.The mycelium is shallow, with much of it exposed on the leaf surface.
This means:
The fungicide readily comes into contact with the mycelium.
Effective concentrations can be achieved at low doses.
No need for high-dose "penetration".
Therefore, 32-48 g/mu (70% formulation) is sufficient.
II. Why should 100-142 grams be used for rice?
Rice sheath blightThe pathogen invades through the basal leaf sheath, and the mycelium spreads within the leaf sheath tissues. With high plant density and elevated humidity, the disease develops rapidly.
Rice blast diseaseLeaf blast can be controlled at low doses, butHigh doses are required for rice neck blast.— Low spray deposition at the panicle neck (small area, high position) requires concentration compensation.
For the same crop, two diseases, and one dosage, the selected rate isThe one that is more difficult to control.(the demand for) neck blast.
III. Three Application Methods
Spraying (seven rows)In most scenarios.
Dip sweet potato tubers (sweet potato black rot, 1600-2000 fold dilution)— Storage period diseases, pre-storage treatment before bin filling.
Seed potato dressing (potato ring rot, 80-100 g/100 kg seed potatoes)The cut seed potatoes are treated with a chemical dressing.
The latter two arePropagation material treatmentThis is completely different from the logic of foliar spraying: the agent needs to cover the tuber surface and penetrate wounds (ring rot is transmitted through cutting knives), rather than forming a chemical film on the leaves.
Key aspects of potato ring rot.The pathogen is transmitted by the cutting knife during seed piece cutting.The value of seed potato treatment lies primarily in protecting the cut surfaces., reducing pathogen transmission by cutting tools.
IV. Core Characteristics of Thiophanate-methyl
Product Performance:
Thiophanate-methyl belongs to the benzimidazole class and is a systemic fungicide capable of controlling diseases in various crops, with systemic, preventive, and curative actions.
Its key characteristic isIt is converted to carbendazim in plants.请提供需要翻译的中文段落。
Thiophanate-methyl itself more readily penetrates the plant epidermis.
After entering the tissue, it is converted into carbendazim to exert its effect.
Therefore, the penetration rate is superior to that of direct application of carbendazim.
But the ultimate active substance is carbendazim.It means thatThere is cross-resistance with carbendazim and benomyl.The three cannot be used interchangeably as rotation partners.
V. Why is a 1000-fold dilution (higher than others) used for apple ring rot?
Apple ring rotIt damages branches and fruits. Infected fruits develop concentric ring-shaped lesions centered on lenticels, which later rot.
Compared with pear scab (1600–2000-fold dilution), apple ring rot is applied at 1000-fold dilution (a higher concentration). Reasons:
Ring rot forms cankers on branches and trunks, which serve as a persistent source of infection.
The fruit can be affected from the young fruit stage to the near-maturity stage, requiring longer residual efficacy.
After the pathogen invades, the incubation period is long.
VI. Precautions
The registered technical requirements for use mainly focus onSafety Precautionsrather than the application method (the application method is provided in the control table):
When opening the package and applying the pesticide, applicators should wear protective clothing, protective boots, masks, gloves, and other protective equipment.
It appears that only "2." was provided in your message, without the actual Chinese paragraph to translate. Could you please share the full Chinese text you'd like me to translate into professional English?Do not mix with copper-based formulations, alkaline pesticides, or similar substances.
3. Prohibited in aquaculture areas, rivers, ponds, and other water bodies and their vicinity.
4. Pregnant and lactating women should avoid contact.
5. It is recommended to rotate with fungicides having different modes of action.
Article 2Thiophanate-methyl decomposes under alkaline conditions and is incompatible with copper-based fungicides.
Article 5Basic requirements for resistance management — rotation must be across categories (triazoles, strobilurins, organic sulfur compounds, copper-based fungicides), and cannot be done within the benzimidazole class.
VII. Usage of Wettable Powders
Secondary dilutionFirst dissolve in a small amount of water to form a mother liquor, then add the remaining water to the required volume. Avoid clumping.
Medium spray droplets from the nozzle, and avoid fine droplet drift.
Prepare and use immediately.Do not leave it standing for an extended period.
VIII. Special Warnings for Seed Potato Treatment
Registration Note No. 7:
请提供需要翻译的中文段落。Treated seed potatoes must not be used for food or feed, nor may they be stored together with untreated seed potatoes.
This point applies only to the use of "seed potato dressing" (for potato ring rot), but it is extremely important:
Strictly prohibited for food or feed use.Treated seed potatoes carry pesticide residues and must not be consumed by humans or livestock.
Must not be stored together with ordinary seed potatoes.Mixed storage can lead to chemical contamination of edible tubers, making it impossible to distinguish which ones have been treated.
Actual managementTreated seed potatoes shall be stored separately and clearly labeled; any leftovers after use shall be disposed of in accordance with regulations.
9. Recycling of Packaging Waste
Pesticide packaging waste shall not be discarded at will or disposed of by oneself.Return promptly to pesticide operators or pesticide packaging waste recycling stations.请提供需要翻译的中文段落内容。
This is a new regulation introduced in recent years, which is more standardized than "burning and deep burial."Practical operationCollect empty packaging and hand it over to the pesticide dealer or the village-level collection point.
10. Prohibited in aquaculture areas
Do not use in aquaculture areas, rivers, ponds, and other water bodies and their vicinity; do not clean application equipment in rivers, ponds, and other water bodies; do not arbitrarily dump leftover pesticide solution after application.
Thiophanate-methyl is toxic to aquatic organisms.Around paddy fields and near fish pondsSpecial attention should be paid to pesticide application in the plot.
11. Complete comparison of the ten-row registration
Crop | Disease | Dosage | Method
Cucurbits | Powdery mildew | 32–48 g/mu | Spray
Tomato | Leaf mold | 36-54 g/mu | Spray
Tobacco | Black root rot | 50–70 g/mu | Spray
Wheat | Fusarium head blight | 71–100 g/mu | Spray
Potato | Ring rot | 80-100 g/100 kg seed tubers | Seed tuber dressing
Rice | Rice blast / Sheath blight | 100–142.86 g/mu | Spray
Sweet potato | Black rot | 1600-2000 fold dilution | Dip seed tubers
Pear tree | Scab | 1600–2000-fold dilution | Spray
Apple tree | Ring rot | 1000-fold dilution | Spray
Note: The figure of 100–142.86 g/mu for rice is derived from the registered original value (142.86 ≈ 100/0.7), converted based on 70% content.